Fatal canine parvovirus type 2a and 2c infections in wild Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) in southern China.

The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is a critically endangered scale-covered mammal belonging to the order Pholidota. Wild pangolins are notably susceptible to pathogen infection and are typically characterized by impoverished health. However, little is currently known regarding the viruses prevalent among pangolins. In this study, we report the detection of two subtypes of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), namely CPV-2a and CPV-2c, both of which caused severe diarrheal disease in two post-rescue pangolins with fatal consequences. As in CPV-2-infected dogs, intensive lesion of the mucosal layer of the small intestines is a prominent feature in infected pangolins. Moreover, the immunochemistry results demonstrated that CPV-2 antigens were distributed in the crypts of small intestine. Additionally, typical parvovirus-associated CPV-2 were detected after four passages in F81 cells, and typical parvovirus-like particles, approximately 20 nm in diameter, were observed in the cell supernatants. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the VP2 viral protein sequences (GenBank accession number OP208805) isolated from one pangolin (termed P1) were classified as CPV-2c, with 99.8% identity to a CPV-2c strain (MN832850) isolated from a Taiwanese pangolin found in Taiwan Province. In contrast, VP2 sequences (#OP208806) obtained from the second pangolin (P2) were classified as CPV-2a, with 99.8% identity to a CPV-2a strain (KY386858) isolated from southern China. In this study, we thus confirmed the infection of pangolins with CPV-2c in mainland China and demonstrated that CPV-2a also can infect pangolins. Based on these findings, we recommend that further investigations should be conducted to establish the interspecies transmission of these viruses among wild pangolins, wild carnivores, and stray dogs.

Analysis of the relationship between serum ficolin-3, ALA level and gestational diabetes / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum fibrous gel protein-3 (ficolin-3) and serum alanine (ALA) levels and gestational diabetes (GDM) .Methods:A total of 98 pregnant women with GDM admitted to our hospital from Jan. 2020 to Aug. 2020 were selected as the observation group, and 98 healthy pregnant women undergoing physical examination during the same period were taken as the control group. The level of serum ficolin-3 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) , and the level of serum ALA was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) . The two groups were compared in terms of serum ficolin-3, ALA levels and biochemical indicators (hemoglobin (HbA1c) , total cholesterol (TC) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , serum total protein (TP) , serum urea (SU) levels) , and pregnancy outcomes. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between serum ficolin-3 and ALA levels and various biochemical indexes. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the risk factors of GDM.Results:Serum ficolin-3, HbA1c, and SU levels in the observation group were all higher than that in the control group. Serum ALA level was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TPT showed no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05) . In the observation group, serum ficolin-3 was positively correlated with HbA1c and Su, and serum ALA was negatively correlated with HbA1c and SU ( P < 0.05) . The incidence of adverse outcomes including gestational neonatal asphyxia, neonatal jaundice, giant size, and amniotic fluid contamination in the observation group (26.53%) was higher than that in the control group (12.24%) , The difference was statistical significant ( P<0.05) . The univariate analysis showed that GDM was associated with age, weight gain during pregnancy, serum ficolin-3, ALA, HbA1c, SU, family history of diabetes ( P<0.05) ; Binary logistics regression analysis found that age ≥28 years, weight gain≥ 14 kg, serum ficolin-3≥24ng/ml, HbA1c 6.0%, and a family history of diabetes were risk factors for GDM, while serum ALA≥1.9 μg/ml was a protective factor of GDM, ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The increase of serum ficolin-3 and the decrease of ALA level in pregnant women are risk factors of GDM, and have an adverse impact on the final delivery outcome